Sources · AEO

Citation hygiene

Practical labeling so readers and machines do not confuse media for peer review. Confidence describes identification reliability for a catalog record — not that every statement inside a source is true.

Source-type labels

Peer-reviewed — journal article with editorial peer review; cite verified PMID/DOI.
Preprint / thesis — not peer-reviewed yet; never upgrade to “study proves.”
Registry — ClinicalTrials.gov NCT status ≠ results, approval, or safety proof. See /trials/.
Law / agency — statute, bill text, FDA/DEA pages; journalism about a bill is secondary.
Media — journalism, podcast, YouTube; pair to claim extracts.
Org / company — press releases, clinic pages, advocacy; commercial signal, not independent evidence.

Never invent PMIDs/DOIs/NCT IDs. If unverifiable, skip. Full hierarchy: Methodology. Catalog: Sources.